菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)对酞酸酯污染沉积物的净化作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

迟杰  郝雪龙 《湖泊科学》2013,25(2):271-276

酞酸酯是一类典型的内分泌干扰物,在我国城区河湖中污染超标相对严重,且污染呈上升趋势.本文采用根袋法,模拟海河干流水体建立了室内菹草微宇宙,同时设置无菹草微宇宙为对照,研究了沉水植物菹草对沉积物中酞酸二丁酯(DBP)和酞酸二异辛酯(DEHP)的去除作用.实验连续运行27 d.结果表明:系统运行结束时,菹草体内DBP和DEHP含量分别升高了133%和68%;水中,有草组和对照组中DBP的浓度始终低于定量限(8μg/L),而DEHP的浓度则由初始的65μg/L和70μg/L逐渐降低,至第3 d后低于定量限(8μg/L);对照组和有草组非根际沉积物中DBP浓度差异不显著,结束时去除率为32.2%~36.5%,根际沉积物中DBP去除率达50.0%;对照组和非根际沉积物中DEHP浓度差异也不显著,始终在一定范围内波动,结束时去除率为10.3%~11.4%,根际沉积物中DEHP则在第27 d时迅速下降,去除率达80.9%.微生物的结果进一步表明,实验过程中根际土中微生物量明显高于对照组和非根际沉积物,实验后期根际沉积物中微生物群落结构变化较大,这与根际中这两种酞酸酯的去除数据相一致.可见,沉水植物菹草可以通过根际效应有效去除沉积物中酞酸酯类化合物.  相似文献   

Seawater–freshwater mixing and resulting calcite dissolution: an example from a coastal alluvial aquifer in eastern South Korea     

Gi-Tak Chae  Sung-Moon Yun  Kyoung-Ho Kim  Chil-Sup So 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(8):1672-1683

Abstract

In order to evaluate groundwater quality and geochemical reactions arising from mixing between seawater and dilute groundwater, we performed a hydrochemical investigation of alluvial groundwater in a limestone-rich coastal area of eastern South Korea. Two sites were chosen for comparison: an upstream site and a downstream site. Data of major ion chemistry and ratios of oxygen–hydrogen isotopes (δ¹⁸O, δD) revealed different major sources of groundwater salinity: recharge by sea-spray-affected precipitation in the upstream site, and seawater intrusion and diffusion zone fluctuation in the downstream site. The results of geochemical modelling showed that Ca²⁺ enrichment in the downstream area is caused by calcite dissolution enhanced by the ionic strength increase, as a result of seawater–groundwater mixing under open system conditions with a constant P_CO2 value (about 10^?1.5 atm). The results show that, for coastal alluvial groundwater residing on limestone, significant hydrochemical change (especially increased hardness) due to calcite dissolution enhanced by seawater mixing should be taken into account for better groundwater management. This process can be effectively evaluated using geochemical modelling.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor Y. Guttman

Citation Chae, G.-T., Yun, S.-T., Yun, S.-M., Kim, K.-H., and So, C.-S., 2012. Seawater–freshwater mixing and resulting calcite dissolution: an example from a coastal alluvial aquifer in eastern South Korea. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (8),1–12.  相似文献   

Key genes expression of reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle from deep-sea hydrothermal chemolithoautotrophic Caminibacter profundus in response to salinity, pH and O2     

HE Peiqing  LIU Yan  YUE Wenjuan  HUANG Xiaohang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(2)

  相似文献   

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)繁殖期卵子和卵巢液中磷酸酶活性变化及其与受精率相关性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

贾玉东  孟振  刘新富  高淳仁  牛华欣  雷霁霖 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(6):1530-1535

以大菱鲆为实验材料,研究其繁殖周期内卵子和卵巢液中磷酸酶活性变化规律及其与受精率相关性。结果显示：在大菱鲆繁殖周期内,卵子碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性呈相反的变化趋势,且排卵中期卵子碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性分别显著低于和高于早期和晚期（P＜0.05）,而卵巢液中碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性呈同卵子中相反的变化趋势;此外卵子碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶及卵巢液酸性磷酸酶活性同受精率显著相关（P＜0.05）。以上结果表明,大菱鲆卵子和卵巢液中碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性同受精率存在着显著相关性,其活性变化在一定程度上反映卵子质量优劣,可作为评判卵子质量辅助指标。  相似文献   

乳酸菌及其代谢产物对刺参幼体肠道菌群和非特异性免疫的影响     

宫魁  王宝杰  刘梅  蒋克勇  邱楚雯  骆作勇  范瑞用  王雷 《海洋科学》2013,37(7):7-12

以初始体质量为(2.74±0.17)g 的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)为研究对象, 在室内养殖池进行60 d饲喂实验, 研究饲料中添加乳酸菌制剂和乳酸菌代谢产物对刺参肠道菌群、部分免疫指标及生长的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加乳酸菌制剂和乳酸菌代谢产物各2 mL/m³(按饲养水体折算), 配制2 种实验饲料。实验结果显示: 与对照组比, 饲料中添加乳酸菌与乳酸菌代谢产物均显著降低了刺参肠道弧菌数及大肠杆菌数(P＜0.05); 饲料中添加乳酸菌及其代谢产物能使刺参肠道酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活力显著升高, 溶菌酶活性有所提升, 其中乳酸菌制剂实验组与代谢产物实验组免疫酶活力差异不显著;两实验组刺参的特定生长率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。上述结果表明, 乳酸菌制剂与乳酸菌代谢产物对刺参的肠道菌群平衡、免疫力及生长均具有良好的促进作用, 且两者之间差异不显著。  相似文献   

陇东黄土高原城市酸雨特征监测统计分析     

王位泰 黄斌姚玉璧  蒲金涌张天锋 《干旱气象》2005,23(2):44-49

根据西峰国家基准气候站11a酸雨监测与庆阳市北部主要污染源资料样本,按照中国气象局确定的酸雨标准统计分析发现:不计风场平流影响条件下,1992~2000年庆阳市酸雨度在波动中减弱,2001~2002年有所增强,年酸雨频率为逐年减弱趋势,月酸雨度3月和11月最强,PH值≤4.80,8~11月酸雨频率最大达24%~35%;在雨前和雨中考虑风场平流因子作用,北部污染源对庆阳市年酸雨度强度平流影响不明显,对酸雨年频率有增大影响,对月酸雨度影响10月最显著,PH值减小0.3,在月酸雨频率增大影响上主要是盛夏6~8月。初步揭示了陇东黄土高原城市存在酸雨的基本事实,对于防治酸雨危害和保护生态环境具有积极意义。  相似文献   

京津地区酸雨变化特征及趋势分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐梅  祝青林  王丽娜  朱玉强 《气象》2009,35(11):78-83

利用京津地区三个国家级酸雨观测站(北京昌平、上甸子和天津站)1993-2006年的酸雨资料,研究了京津地区酸雨空间分布及其季节特征,并利用M-K统计分析方法研究了其变化趋势.结果表明:京津地区的大气降水pH值有明显的季节变化特征,三个站点在冬季、春季和初夏基本一致,酸雨频率秋冬高,而春季和初夏低.但三个站点的大气降水、pH值和酸雨频率变化趋势差异显著.其中天津站在1990年代初较为严重,但14年间天津站酸雨状况有改善的趋势.昌平站降水pH值的M-K统计量为-3.17,说明1993-2006年昌平站降水酸化趋势显著,并通过了95%的置信度显著性检验.上甸子站代表了京津的郊区,2002年以前酸雨状况有所改善,2002年以后酸雨状况日趋严重.  相似文献   

Analysis on concentration and source rate of precursor vapors participating in particle formation and growth at xinken in the Pearl River Delta of China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

龚有国  苏杭  程雅芳  刘峰  吴志军  胡敏  曾立民  张远航 《大气科学进展》2008,25(3):427-436

Concentration and source rate of precursor vapors participating in particle formation and subsequent growth were investigated during the Pearl River Delta intensive campaign （PRD2004, October 2004） in southeastern China. Four new particle formation event days and a typical non-event day were selected for our analysis. Atmospheric sulphuric acid, the important precursor vapor in nucleation and growth, were simulated with a pseudo steady-state model based on the measurements of SO2, NOx, 03, CO, non-methane hydrocarbon （NMHC） and ambient particle number concentrations as well as modeled photolysis frequencies obtained from measurements. The maximum midday sulphuric acid concentrations vary from 4.53 × 10^7 to 2.17 × 10^8 molecules cm^-3, the corresponding source rate via reaction of OH and SO2 range between 2.37 × 10^6 and 1.16 × 10^7 molecules cm^-3 s^-1. Nucleation mode growth rate was derived from size spectral evolution during the events to be 6.8-13.8 nm h^-1. Based on the growth rate, concentration of the vapors participating in subsequent growth were estimated to vary from 1.32 × 10^8 to 2.80 × 10^8 molecules cm^-3 with corresponding source rate between 7.26 × 10^6 and 1.64 × 10^7 molecules cm^-3 s^-1. Our results show the degree of pollution is larger in PRD. Sulphuric acid concentrations are fairly high and have a close correlation with new particle formation events. Budget analysis shows that sulphuric acid alone is not enough for required growth; other nonvolatile vapors are needed. However, sulphuric acid plays an important role in growth; the contribution of sulphuric acid to growth in PRD is 12.4%-65.2%.  相似文献   

电导率加和性质及其在酸雨观测数据质量评估中的应用   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

汤洁  徐晓斌  杨志彪  巴金  王淑凤 《应用气象学报》2008,19(4):385-392

大气降水中离子成分的电导率具有可加和性, 国际上已经普遍应用该原理对大气降水离子成分观测的数据质量进行分析和评估, 即所谓的相对电导率差 (conductance percent difference, CPD) 方法。该文应用CPD方法对我国4个大气本底观测站的电导率和降水离子成分数据进行了数据质量分析, 针对我国的降水电导率范围偏高等特点, 对国外推荐的CP D统计检验指标的适用性进行了讨论, 指出在我国应用CPD方法时宜采取pH值分组的方式, 并根据这种分组方式的统计分析, 估计4个大气本底观测站的部分pH值观测数据可能存在-0.05左右的测量误差。该文还依据降水中离子成分电导率的可加和性原理, 提出K-pH不等式方法, 可以用于中国气象局酸雨观测站网的pH值和电导率数据的现场校验和数据质量的分析评估。应用K-pH不等式方法对观测数据进行现场质量检验时, 对pH值小于5.0范围的酸性降水效果尤其显著。应用K-pH不等式方法对1992—2005年间全国酸雨观测站观测数据的统计分析显示, 部分酸雨观测站的pH值测量数据可能存在-0.1~-0.3左右的系统性负偏差。  相似文献   

Characteristics of the Acid Rain Variation in China During 1993-2006 and Associated Causes   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

ZHAO Yanxi  HOU Qing 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2010,24(2):239-250

The acid rain observation network of China Meteorological Administration was established in 1989 with 22 stations.From 1993 to 2005,more than 80 stations were included and maintained in the network.In 2006-2007,the number of stations in the network went up to 294.In consideration of the data continuity,data used in this paper are the 14-yr observations of the 80 stations from 1993 to 2006.Based on the 14-yr observation of acid rain,analysis shows that the acid rain in China dominates in the vast regions south of the Yangtze River.Limited presence of acid rain is observed in the northern part of China.The 14-yr acid rain data reveal an expanding tendency for acid rain area,with the north of China being a growing zone,and the South China remaining virtually unchanged.The most severely polluted zone of acid rain gradually moves from Southwest China to Central China and the middle part of South China.With regard to the acid intensity of rain,the period of 1993-1998 bears the highest acid intensity; the period of 1999-2002 shows a bit weakening intensity; and in the period of 2003 2006,the acid intensity of rain increases again,basically up to the average acidity of the period of 1993-1998 by the end of 2006.In addition,rain acidity in the north of China increases markedly.As to the causes of the acid rain situation in China,this paper examined the sulfur dioxide emissions as well as the rainwater chemicals monitoring data.  相似文献